GRASS MIXTURES FOR THE CREATION OF HIGH-QUALITY INTENSIVE HAYMAKING IN THE SEMI-DESERT ZONE OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-32-38 УДК 633.2.031

Authors

  • Natalya Vladimirovna Tyutyuma Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, settlement Solenoye Zaimishche, Russia.
  • Galina Sergeevna Egorova Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, settlement Solenoye Zaimishche, Russia.
  • Natalya Ivanovna Kudryashova Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, settlement Solenoye Zaimishche, Russia.

Keywords:

legume-bluegrass grass mixtures, productivity, fodder units, approbation, agrophytocenoses, haymaking

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to improve the species composition of grass mixtures under irrigated conditions to increase their productivity, longevity and provide livestock with high-quality feed. The experiments were performed in 2019-2022 on old plowed lands located in the right-bank steppe of the north of Astrakhan region under irrigation. Irrigation method: sprinkling, 10 vegetation irrigations per season. The soil is light chestnut, medium loamy with a humus content of 0.90...1.00%. mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Machigin) – 69 and 361.5 mg/kg, respectively. We studied 6 variants of grass mixtures: control (creeping wheatgrass, angustifolia bluegrass, awnless brome, coastal sedge, swamp grass, California cocklebur); grass mixture 1 – 25:25:25:25% (blue hybrid alfalfa, meadow clover, meadow timothy, meadow fescue; grass mixture 2 – 30:40:30% (meadow clover, multi-cut ryegrass, meadow fescue; grass mixture 3 – 50:50%; (meadow clover and reed grass); grass mixture 4 – 25:25:25:25% (eastern goat's rue, meadow clover, multi-cut ryegrass, meadow fescue; grass mixture 5 – 25:25:25:25% (meadow clover, meadow timothy), multi-cut ryegrass, common beckmania); grass mixture 6 – 50:25:25% (meadow clover, festulolium, intermediate wheatgrass. The most productive were grass mixtures No. 1 and No. 2 – 147.6 and 156.3 t/ha of green mass, which higher than the control by 134.3 and 143.0 t/ha, respectively. All studied options were distinguished by high nutritional value - the content of feed units per 1 kg of dry biomass varied from 0.75 kg per 1 kg of feed for grass mixture No. 2 to 0.85. kg per 1 kg of feed for grass mixture No. 5. When feeding all grass mixtures with hay, the animals had a higher average daily weight gain (1.2...1.7 higher) in terms of nutritional value, compared to feeding with hay from natural grass. The high productivity and price of hay of legume-grass grass mixtures determine the high profitability (177%) of its production, which is 3.3 times higher than natural haymaking.

Information about the authors

Natalya Vladimirovna Tyutyuma , Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, settlement Solenoye Zaimishche, Russia.

Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Agricultural
Sciences

Galina Sergeevna Egorova , Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, settlement Solenoye Zaimishche, Russia.

Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Department of Environmental
Management

Natalya Ivanovna Kudryashova , Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, settlement Solenoye Zaimishche, Russia.

Ph.D. of Agricultural Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of grassland, arid and floodplain
ecosystems

References

 1. Косолапов В. М., Трофимов И. А. Проблемы и перспективы развития кормопроизводства // Кормопроизводство. 2011. № 2. С. 4–7.

 2. Trukhachev V. I., Sklyarov I. Yu., Sklyarova Yu. M. Current status of resource potential of agriculture in the South of Russia // Montenegrin Journal of Economics. 2016. Vol. 12. No. 3. P. 115–126.

 3. Forage sorghum-legumes intercropping: effect on growth, yields, nutritional quality and economic returns / M. A. Iqbal, A. Hamid, T. Ahmad, et al. // Bragantia. 2018. Vol. 77. No. 1. P. 283–291. doi: 10.1590/1678-4499.2017363.

 4. Global meta-analysis reveals agro-grassland productivity varies based on species diversity over time / A. J. Ashworth, H. D. Toler, F. L. Allen, et al. // PLoS ONE. 2018. Vol. 13. No. 7. Article e0200274. URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0200274 (дата обращения: 21.08.2023). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200274.

 5. Гибадулина Ф. С., Тагирова М. Ш. Повышение продуктивного действия кормов из многолетних бобовых трав // Достижения науки и техники АПК. 2016. Т. 30. №7. C. 84–87.

 6. Гребенников В. Г., Шипилов И. А., Хонина О. В. Роль многолетних бобовых трав в составе травосмесей в повышении белковой продуктивности растительных кормов // Эффективное животноводство. 2018. № 6. С. 24–28.

 7. Байкалова Л. П., Кожухова Е. В. Возделывание злаково-бобовых травосмесей как оптимизация урожайности среднесрочных сенокосов //Вестник КрасГАУ. 2013. №5. C. 68–74.

 8. Хисматуллин М. М. Бобовые и бобово-злаковые многолетние травы – составная часть органического земледелия республики Татарстан // Вестник Казанского государственного аграрного университета. 2019. Т. 14. № 2 (53). С. 64–67.

 9. Гребенников В. Г., Шипилов И. А., Хонина О. В. Подбор многолетних трав для ускоренного восстановления низкопродуктивных пастбищ и сенокосов // Сельскохозяйственный журнал. 2020. №4(13). C.6–13.

 10. Дронова Т. Н., Бурцева Н. И., Молоканцева Е. И. Эффективность многолетних бобовых трав в кормопроизводстве и их влияние на баланс питательных веществ в почве // Известия Нижневолжского агроуниверситетского комплекса: наука и высшее профессиональное образование. 2016. № 2 (99). С. 17–22.

 11. Козлова Л. М., Свечников А. К. Влияние многолетнего использования кормовых бобово-злаковых травосмесей на урожайность культур в агрофитоценозах // Достижения науки и техники АПК. 2021. Т. 35. № 3. C. 15–22.

 12. Роль многолетних трав в создании устойчивой кормовой базы при конвейерном использовании / Е. Н. Павлючик, А. Д. Капсамун, Н. Н. Иванова и др. // Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока. 2019. №20 (3). С. 238–246.

 13. Желтопузов В. Н., Шипилов И. А., Великдань Н. Т. Видовой состав и продуктивность многолетних травосмесей // Вестник АПК Ставрополья. 2016. № 3. (23). C.168–171.

 14. Костицын Р. Д. Злаково-бобовые травосмеси для конвейерного производства кормов // Сборник научных трудов КНЦЗВ. 2022. Т. 11. № 1. С.293-296.

 15. Доспехов Б. А. Методика полевого опыта. М.: Альянс, 2011. 350 с.

 16. Романенко Г. А., Тютюнников А. И., Гончаров П. Л. Кормовые растения России. М.: ЦИНАО, 1999. 370 с.

 17. Кущ Е. Д. Укрепление кормовой базы мясного скотоводства и овцеводства в условиях полупустыни на основе возделывания многолетних трав // Сельскохозяйственный журнал. 2009. № 3. С. 11–17.

 1. Kosolapov VM, Trofimov IA. [Problems and prospects of feed production development]. Kormoproizvodstvo. 2011; 2. 4-7 p.

 2. Trukhachev VI, Sklyarov IYu, Sklyarova YuM. Current status of resource potential of agriculture in the South of Russia. Montenegrin Journal of Economics. 2016; Vol.12. 3. 115-126 p.

 3. Iqbal MA, Hamid A, Ahmad T. Forage sorghum-legumes intercropping: effect on growth, yields, nutritional quality and economic returns. Bragantia. 2018; Vol.77. 1. 283-291 p. doi: 10.1590/1678-4499.2017363.

 4. Ashworth AJ, Toler HD, Allen FL. Global meta-analysis reveals agro-grassland productivity varies based on species diversity over time. [Internet]. PLoS ONE. 2018; Vol.13. 7. Article e0200274. [cited 2023, August 21]. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0200274. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200274.

 5. Gibadulina FS, Tagirova MSh. [Increasing the productive effect of feed from perennial leguminous grasses]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016; Vol.30. 7. 84-87 p.

 6. Grebennikov VG, Shipilov IA, Khonina OV. [The role of perennial leguminous grasses in the composition of grass mixtures in increasing the protein productivity of plant feeds]. Effektivnoe zhivotnovodstvo. 2018; 6. 24-28 p.

 7. Baykalova LP, Kozhukhova EV. [Cultivation of cereal-legume grass mixtures as optimization of the yield of medium-term hayfields]. Vestnik KrasGAU. 2013; 5. 68-74 p.

 8. Khismatullin MM. [Legumes and legume-cereal perennial grasses - an integral part of organic farming in the Republic of Tatarstan]. Vestnik Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2019; Vol.14. 2 (53). 64-67 p.

 9. Grebennikov VG, Shipilov IA, Khonina OV. [Selection of perennial grasses for the accelerated restoration of lowproductive pastures and hayfields]. Selskokhozyaystvennuy zhurnal. 2020; 4(13). 6-13 p.

 10. Dronova TN, Burtseva NI, Molokantseva EI. [Efficiency of perennial leguminous grasses in forage production and their influence on the balance of nutrients in the soil]. Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: nauka i vysshee professionalnoe obrazovanie. 2016; 2 (99). 17-22 p.

 11. Kozlova LM, Svechnikov AK. [The influence of long-term use of forage legume-cereal grass mixtures on the yield of crops in agrophytocenoses]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2021; Vol.35. 3. 15-22 p.

 12. Pavlyuchik EN, Kapsamun AD, Ivanova NN. [The role of perennial grasses in creating a sustainable forage base during conveyor use]. Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka. 2019; 20 (3). 238-246 p.

 13. Zheltopuzov VN, Shipilov IA, Velikdan NT. [Species composition and productivity of perennial grass mixtures]. Vestnik APK Stavropolya. 2016; 3. (23). 168-171 p.

 14. Kostitsyn RD. [Cereal-legume grass mixtures for conveyor feed production]. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov KNTsZV. 2022; Vol.11. 1. 293-296 p.

 15. Dospekhov BA. Metodika polevogo opyta. [Methodology of field experience]. Moscow: Alyans. 2011; 350 p.

 16. Romanenko GA, Tyutyunnikov AI, Goncharov PL. Kormovye rasteniya Rossii. [Forage plants of Russia]. Moscow: TsINAO. 1999; 370 p.

 17. Kushch ED. [Strengthening the forage base of beef cattle and sheep breeding in semi-desert conditions based on the cultivation of perennial grasses]. Selskokhozyaystvennuy zhurnal. 2009; 3. 11-17 p.

Published

2026-07-22

How to Cite

Tyutyuma Н. В., Egorova . Г. С. ., & Kudryashova Н. И. (2026). GRASS MIXTURES FOR THE CREATION OF HIGH-QUALITY INTENSIVE HAYMAKING IN THE SEMI-DESERT ZONE OF RUSSIA: DOI 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-32-38 УДК 633.2.031. Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University, 19(2). Retrieved from http://vestnik-kazgau.ru/index.php/vestnik/article/view/168

Issue

Section

СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ

Categories