ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF SANCTIONS ON AGRICULTURE AND IDENTIFICATION OF ADAPTATION DIRECTIONS

DOI 10.12737/2073-0462-2025-146-155 УДК 338.001.36

Abstract

Economic sanctions imposed on Russia by unfriendly countries are systemic, escalatory in nature and aimed at weakening the country’s economic stability by restricting access to critical technologies, financial resources, reducing export revenues and undermining food security through restrictions on the supply of agricultural machinery, seeds and veterinary drugs. The experience of countries that have been under sanctions for a long time shows that sanctions have a significant negative impact on the economy as a whole, leading to a slowdown in economic growth, especially in the agroindustrial complex and food security. The sanctions policy against the Russian economy has been carried out over the past ten years. Currently, more than 2 000 sanctions are in effect, introduced in the period 2014-2021 and more than 14 000 introduced since 2022. In response, Russia introduced its own counter-sanctions in the form of an embargo on the import of certain types of agricultural products from countries that announced economic sanctions. In this regard, the study of the impact of sanctions on the development of agriculture in Russia is of particular relevance. Domestic agro-food enterprises have demonstrated the ability to quickly adapt to the impact of sanctions pressure and were able to fill the vacated niches in the market with their products. A comparison of the indicators for 2013 and 2023 shows that the gross grain harvest increased by 54.8%, sugar beet - 35.4%, oilseeds - 126.5%, potatoes - 59.3, fruit and vegetable products - 70.4%, fruits and berries - 171.4%, milk production increased by 13.1%, cattle meat - 35.5%, pigs - 68.3%, poultry - 35.4%. In general, the Russian agro-industrial complex has achieved an increase in agricultural production by 33.2%, and food products by 43%, due to which the threshold values of food independence indicators established by the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation (approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 21, 2020 No. 20) have been achieved or significantly exceeded for most types of food products. At the same time, the overall profitability of the agricultural business remains at a fairly high level and has a growth trend with an average annual rate of 1.24%, product exports have increased from 17.1 to 43.1 billion dollars. The agricultural sector has the ability to adapt to new conditions, can recover from the effects of external factors in a short time, increasing its production and economic potential. Sanctions are a painful, but not always fatal factor, positive development results are mainly determined by the effectiveness of organizational and economic measures to implement internal reserves.