DEVICE FOR DISINFECTING SEEDS WITH LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMA, TESTING AND WORK RESULTS
DOI 10.12737/2073-0462-2025-96-103УДК 631.171:631.862:66.099.74
Keywords:
spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), low-temperature plasma, corona discharge, voltage, treatment time.Abstract
The aim of the study is to develop a source of low-temperature corona discharge plasma and to establish the effect of plasma on growth processes in spring wheat seeds of Arkhat variety. The studies were carried out at Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Systems Engineering of Kazan (Volga region) Federal University” (KFU) in 2022-2024 in the laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Intelligence in Biotechnical Systems Department. Seed treatment with corona discharge was carried out under the following parameters: voltage of 4 and 8 kV; frequency of 0.2 kHz; 0.3 kHz; 0.5 kHz; the distance of seeds from the plasma torch is 3 cm; seed treatment time 20, 25, 30, 35 seconds. The seeds of the control variant without plasma treatment and variants with atmospheric corona plasma treatment were germinated by the roll method in a Lamsystem laminar cabinet. At a voltage of 4 kV, the greatest increase in the length of sprouts in relation to the control was observed at a frequency of 0.5 kHz and a time of 30 seconds. In seven days, the length of the sprouts of plasma-treated seeds on average reaches 34.4 cm, and the length of the control variant is 11.7 cm, which is 22.7 cm less. The greatest length of sprouts is at a voltage of 8 kV and a frequency of 0.5 kHz with a treatment time of 30 seconds, where the length of the sprout reaches 36.2 cm, which is 24.5 cm more than the control. This variant yielded the highest germination rate – 99.0%, which is 4.0% higher than the control, as well as the length and weight of roots and sprouts. With a further increase in the treatment time, the effect in comparison with the control variant is leveled or becomes negative. Treatment of spring wheat seeds is effective at relatively low irradiation times. An increase in the exposure time has a negative effect on the seeds of ultraviolet radiation, which reduces its effectiveness.
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