INVESTIGATION OF CHANGES IN THE GEARING CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGHLY LOADED DRIVES IN CONDITIONS OF ABRASIVE WEAR
DOI 10.31588/2073-0462-2026-21-1-89-98 УДК / UDC 631.145 EDN: OLVUXX
Keywords:
gears, wear, vibration, agricultural machinery, strain gauge methodAbstract
Gears, which are subject to intense abrasive wear due to their operation in dusty environments due to insufficient sealing of internal cavities, limit the service life of gear drives and transmissions in agricultural machinery. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze changes in engagement characteristics and their impact on the kinematics of heavily loaded gear drives in conditions of abrasive wear. The study was conducted using a casting method to record the relative positions of profiles. Simultaneously, strain gauge measurements were performed to determine the start and end of engagement of a pair of teeth and to establish the overlap coefficient. Rotation angles were recorded using optical dividing heads. Spur gears with modules m=2-5 mm were tested without shifting the original contour (heat treatment - normalization and bulk hardening HRC38-400; the number of gear teeth z1=12-30, z2=22-90. Gear material - steel 40X, wheel - steel 45. It was found that during abrasive wear of highly loaded gears, the shape of the tooth profile changes mainly in the initial period of wear when its value is 5-8%. The amplitude of oscillations during wear increases, especially in the initial period. As wear increases, the increase in the amplitude of oscillations slows down and when the wear of gear teeth is over 12-16%, the amplitude stabilizes. The increase in amplitude of oscillations with an increase in modulus e increases. Oscillations during wear can reach a significant value: at wear of 16% or more with a small number of gear teeth, the increase in amplitude reached 130%. It was found that the engagement line of the gear becomes distorted with wear. The start and end points of engagement shift along the direction of rotation of the gears. The overlap ratio decreases with wear and, at wear levels exceeding 10-14%, stabilizes within the range of 1.03-1.1. A mathematical model of the gear ratio function depending on the degree of wear has been developed.
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