AGRARIAN-SOCIAL IMBALANCE INDEX: ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY AND TYPOLOGY OF RURAL AREAS (CASE STUDY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA)
DOI 10.31588/2073-0462-2026-21-1-119-127 УДК / UDC 338.43 EDN: TPBRCO
Keywords:
agriculture, social infrastructure, rural areas, imbalance, depopulation, typology, Republic of Buryatia.Abstract
Sustainable development of rural areas is constrained by an imbalance between the economic efficiency of agro-industrial complex and the population’s quality of life, which triggers depopulation even as production increases. This problem is particularly acute in regions with a sharply continental climate and traditional agricultural specialization. In the Republic of Buryatia, where livestock farming accounts for 75% of gross agricultural output and rural outmigration remains a persistent trend, a quantitative assessment of this imbalance and a typology of municipal districts were conducted. The study is based on the author’s Index of Agrarian-Social Imbalance (IASI), which aggregates indicators of agricultural productivity, natural and climatic conditions and quality of life (provision of social infrastructure, development of transport and digital communications, income level and employment diversification). Calculation of the index for rural municipalities of the region allowed us to distinguish three types of territories: 1) “Efficiency without prospects” (IASI> 1.2) - districts with high marketability of the agricultural sector and low quality of life, which correlates with maximum migration loss; 2) “Balanced but vulnerable development” (0.8 ≤ IASI ≤ 1.2) - territories with relative equilibrium, unstable to external shocks; 3) “Comfort without development” (IASI < 0.8) - characterized by a developed social sphere with a weak agricultural sector. Priority policy areas have been defined for each type: the first one - stimulation of processing industries and development of digital infrastructure; the second focuses on economic diversification and support for cooperation; the third focuses on tourism development and creation of conditions for remote employment. The results demonstrate the need for a targeted approach that considers not sectoral efficiency, but the balance of economic and social factors.
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